MED 353 · الجهاز التنفسي
السنة 2 · 40 محاضرة · 6 ساعات معتمدة
العناوين والأهداف منقولة من خطة كلية الطب الرسمية.
موقعها في الخطة الاسترشادية 2023: السنة الثانية، الفصل الثاني (في الخطة السابقة: السنة الثالثة، الفصل الأول)
وصف المساق (من الجامعة)
This course integrates all basic science disciplines in one system-based course to discuss respiratory system-related topics. Each of the basic science departments is incorporated into an integrated body of knowledge covering anatomy, physiology, pharmacology, pathology, and microbiology. Also, Clinical implications for this information will be addressed by specialists in the clinical departments including internal medicine, surgery, and radiology. The goals of this course will be achieved via lectures, relevant laboratory sessions, seminars or small group discussions, and self-directed learning methods. A hybrid style combining both face-to-face and online teaching methods will be utilized. More specifically, respiratory system (RS)-related topics will be covered at first to provide basic knowledge and understanding of the structure, the function of the respiratory system, the biochemical basis of its function, as well as the pathological basis of respiratory disorders in the lungs and airways. Fundamental principles of basic medical sciences will be applied to pathological situations to distinguish the clinical basis for central respiratory system disorders. During the course and whenever relevant the students are exposed to clinical problems to emphasize the explanations of symptoms, signs, investigations, and forms of treatments. Practical sessions are planned whenever appropriate to be stations around tables to allow students to expose their knowledge for discussion and confirm concepts learned in lectures. Small group discussions of clinical cases are planned at the end of the course where students are divided into small groups and with the help of an instructor they analyze and discuss the problem. Research ideas with specific embedded objectives are also included to emphasize social responsibility, evidence-based medicine, community service, and innovative thinking.
كيف تُحسب علامة المساق في الجامعة
مساقات الأجهزة في السنتين الثانية والثالثة، للطلبة المقبولين من 2018/2019
- ٦٠٪الجزء النظري
- ٣٠٪الجزء العملي والسريري
- ٥٪الأبحاث والأعمال الريادية
- ٥٪الانضباط والسلوك والمواظبة
ماذا يقيس المساق، ووزن كل جزء
- 20%a1. Students will describe the anatomical, histological, developmental, biochemical, and physiological basis of the human respiratory system.
- 19%a2. Students will explain the symptoms, signs, investigations, forms of treatments, major causes, pathogenesis, morphological changes, complications, and epidemiological aspects associated with anomalies and disease processes affecting the respiratory system.
- 15%a3. Students will identify various bacteria, viruses, parasites, and fungal infections, which infect the respiratory tract and understand the principles of diagnosis, treatment, and prevention.
- 8%b1. Students will apply knowledge from anatomy, physiology, pathology, biochemistry, pharmacology, and microbiology to solve clinical cases related to the respiratory system.
- 10%b2. Students will develop critical thinking skills in diagnosing and managing respiratory conditions through interactive case studies.
- 5%c1. Students will demonstrate the ability to integrate knowledge from various disciplines to provide complete patient care in respiratory medicine.
- 15%c2. Students will demonstrate the ability to communicate their findings professionally in small group practical sessions, both in written and verbal forms, highlighting a thorough understanding of their theoretical knowledge.
- 8%c3. Students will develop advanced proficiency in decision-making for the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention strategies related to respiratory disorders.
الكتاب المقرر
- Lectures and LABs, Course Lecturers (1st Edition)
الخطة التفصيلية للمساق على موقع الجامعة · صادرة الفصل الأول 2023/2024
مواد ذات صلة في السنة الثانية
هذه الوحدة في جامعتك
المحاضرات وأهدافها
1. Introductory lecture
Multidisciplinary
- Understand the general outline of the respiratory system module (MED 353).
- Be familiarized with the modalities of teaching throughout the course.
- Be familiarized with the grading system and passing requirements of the course.
- Be introduced to the clinical implications of respiratory anatomy and physiology.
- Be introduced to the basic pulmonary function testing and arterial blood gases in respiratory diseases.
2. Upper respiratory tract
Anatomy
- Describe the structure of nasal cavity including nasal septum.
- Describe the structure of lateral wall of nasal cavity including chonchae and meatuses.
- Locate the openings of the paranasal air sinuses and naso-lacrimal duct in the meatuses.
- Describe nasal innervations, blood supply and its relation to epistaxis.
- Study the structure of nasopharynx and associated openings with their clinical importance.
3. Pulmonary ventilation
Physiology
- Describe the mechanics of pulmonary ventilation.
- Define pleural pressure, alveolar pressure and transpulmonary pressure.
- Describe changes in lung volumes, alveolar pressure, pleural pressure, and trans-pulmonary pressure during normal breathing.
- Define compliance of the lungs.
- Draw compliance diagram of the lungs in a normal person.
- Describe the chemical composition and function of the surfactant.
- Describe the significance of the major volume and capacities that are recorded during normal function test.
4. Lower respiratory tract
Anatomy
- Describe the structure of various cartilages and membranes of the larynx.
- Describe muscles of the larynx including their action, nerve and blood supply.
- Describe the trachea including its relations and subdivision.
5. Pleura, lung and mediastinum
Anatomy
- Define pleura and pleural cavity, and name its parts and recesses.
- Discuss the pleural nerve supply.
- Compare between right and left lungs by describing their lobes, fissures and surfaces.
- Be familiarized with the bronchopulmonary segments of each lung.
- Describe innervation, blood supply and lymphatic drainage of the lungs.
- Identify different parts and contents of the mediastinum.
- Study the origin, location, course and branches of the internal thoracic artery.
- Define the surface markings of the trachea, lungs and pleura.
6. Alveolar ventilation
Physiology
- Define alveolar ventilation.
- List the factors that determine alveolar ventilation.
- Understand differences between anatomic and physiologic dead spaces.
- Describe the effect of dead space on alveolar ventilation.
- Define rate of alveolar ventilation.
- Describe the effects of alveolar ventilation on PCO2 and PO2.
7. Pulmonary circulation
Physiology
- Compare the pulmonary and systemic circulations listing the main differences between them.
- Describe bronchial circulation and the concept of physiological shunt.
- Characterize pressures in the pulmonary system.
- Describe blood flow through the lungs and its distribution.
8. Thoracic cage and muscles of thoracic wall
Anatomy
- Describe the shape and outline of the thoracic cage, including its inlet and outlet.
- Describe the anatomical landmarks of the anterior chest wall.
- List the various structures that constitute the thoracic wall.
- Describe muscles of the thoracic wall including their nerve and blood supply as well as their actions.
- Describe the characteristic features of the various parts of the thoracic vertebrae.
- Describe the sternum and its joints.
- Be familiarized with the classification of ribs, and their various parts as compared with each other.
- Define intercostal spaces and discuss their various components including intercostal muscles.
- Describe the diaphragm, its origin, insertion, and function, as well as its nerve and blood supply.
- Study the openings in the diaphragm and the structures that pass through them.
9. Pulmonary infections I (acute, chronic and TB)
Pathology
- Define pneumonia and pneumonitis.
- Clarify pneumonias according to etiology and morphological patterns.
- Compare and contrast bacterial and nonbacterial pneumonias.
- Outline the events in the resolution of the pneumonic process.
- List the possible complications of pneumonia.
- Discuss the causes, morphology and outcome of lung abscess.
10. Pulmonary infections II (acute, chronic and TB)
Pathology
- Define atypical pneumonia and discuss its etiology and pathology.
- List the types of fungal and parasitic infections of the lung.
- Be familiar with lung infections in the immunocompromised host.
- Describe the pathology of pulmonary primary TB.
- Describe the pathology of secondary TB.
- Describe the pathology of progressive TB.
- Describe the pathology of chronic pulmonary infections.
11. Histology of respiratory tract
Anatomy
- Describe the microscopic structure of the upper respiratory passageway including the respiratory mucosa.
- Correlate the structure and expected function of the different components of the nose and trachea.
- Study the microscopic structure of the main bronchi and their subdivisions.
- Study the microscopic structure of the lung parenchyma, and correlate this structure with gas exchange function.
12. Physical principles of gas exchange
Physiology
- Appreciate the measurement of partial pressure of gases.
- Define the factors which affect the rate of gas diffusion.
- Identify the respiratory membrane through which gases diffuse.
13. Ventilation-perfusion ratio
Physiology
- Define the concept of ventilation–perfusion ratio.
- Describe the effect of ventilation–perfusion ratio on alveolar gas concentration.
- Define the concepts of physiologic shunt and physiologic dead space.
- Characterize the pathophysiology of abnormal ventilation perfusion ratio.
- Define the applications of oxygen hemoglobin dissociation curve.
14. The role of the respiratory system in maintaining acid-base homeostasis
Biochemistry
- Describe the bicarbonate buffer system.
- Describe the biochemical changes associated with respiratory acidosis and alkalosis.
- Describe the role of hemoglobin in the buffer system.
15. Regulation of respiration: neural and chemical control
Physiology
- Locate and comment on the function of the dorsal and ventral groups of respiratory neurons, the pneumotaxic center, and the apneustic center in the brain stem.
- List the effects on respiration that are mediated by the vagus nerves.
- List the neural factors that affect the activity of respiratory center.
- Describe abnormal patterns of breathing.
- Describe cough and sneezing reflexes.
- List the specific functions of the respiratory receptors in the carotid body, the aortic body, and in the ventral surface of the medulla oblongata.
- Describe the effects of arterial PO2, PCO2 and pH on alveolar ventilation.
16. Bacterial infections I
Microbiology
- Be familiarized with bacterial classification and characteristic properties.
- Describe virulence factors, and pathogenesis.
- Describe clinical presentation and differential diagnosis.
- Describe laboratory diagnosis including specimen collection, culture techniques, and sensitivity to antibiotics.
- Describe management including specific therapeutic agents.
- Describe the epidemiology including modes of transmission, prevention and control measures.
17. Bacterial infections II
Microbiology
- Describe bacterial classification and characteristic properties.
- Describe virulence factors, and pathogenesis.
- Describe clinical presentation and differential diagnosis.
- Describe laboratory diagnosis including specimen collection, culture techniques, and sensitivity to antibiotics.
- Describe management including specific therapeutic agents.
- Describe the epidemiology including modes of transmission, prevention and control measures.
18. Application of hemoglobin oxygen dissociation curve
Physiology
- Calculate the affinities of hemoglobin by using P50 value.
- Understand the shape of this curve in anemia, and carbon monoxide poisoning.
- Describe the methods of calculations oxygen consumption in normal, anemic and carbon monoxide poisoning people.
19. Bacterial infections III
Microbiology
- Describe bacterial classification and characteristic properties.
- Describe virulence factors, and pathogenesis.
- Describe clinical presentation and differential diagnosis.
- Describe laboratory diagnosis including specimen collection, culture techniques, and sensitivity to antibiotics.
- Describe management including specific therapeutic agents.
- Describe the epidemiology including modes of transmission, prevention and control measures.
20. Treatment of respiratory tract infections
Pharmacology
- Understand the pharmacokinetics, mechanisms of action, and adverse effects of the antibiotic classes commonly used in the treatment of upper and lower respiratory tract infections, including: penicillins, cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones, and macrolides.
21. Treatment of asthma and COPD
Pharmacology
- Understand the general aims of therapy in bronchial asthma and COPD.
- Be familiarized with the concepts of bronchodilators versus long-term controllers in the management of asthma and COPD.
- Outline the specific mechanisms of action and the pharmacokinetic and pharmaco-dynamic properties of the following classes of drugs: beta-2 agonists, methylxanthines, anticholinergic agents, corticosteroids, mast cell stabilizers, leukotriene modifiers, and oxygen.
22. Clinical case
Medicine
- Covers clinical topics of SGD.
23. Fungal infections
Microbiology
- Describe fungal classification and characteristic properties.
- Describe pathogenesis.
- Describe the clinical presentation and differential diagnosis.
- Describe laboratory diagnosis including specimen collection, and microscopic findings.
- Describe management including specific therapeutic agents.
- Describe epidemiology including modes of transmission, prevention and control measures.
24. Anti-histamines and anti-cough medications
Pharmacology
- Review the concept of autacoids and their biological significance, with emphasis on histamine synthesis, storage, release, actions, and the clinical manifestations of histamine shock.
- Understand the mechanisms of action of anti-histamine drugs.
- Be able to classify, and understand the pharmacokinetics, uses, and adverse effects of anti-histamine drugs.
- Understand the pathophysiology of cough that is relevant to the pharmacological aspects of the treatment.
- Understand the sites of actions of anti-cough medications.
- Understand the mechanisms of action, clinical uses, and adverse effects of codeine and dextromethorphan.
25. Biochemistry of oxygen radicals
Biochemistry
- Describe the production of free oxygen radicals and their intermediates.
- Discuss the cell-based antioxidant defense mechanisms.
26. Obstructive lung disease I
Pathology
- Define obstructive lung diseases.
- Differentiate between OLD and RLD.
- Subtype OLD.
27. Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Microbiology
- Describe bacterial classification and characteristic properties.
- Describe virulence factors, and pathogenesis.
- Describe clinical presentation and differential diagnosis.
- Describe laboratory diagnosis including specimen collection, culture techniques, and sensitivity to antibiotics.
- Describe management including specific therapeutic agents.
- Describe the epidemiology including modes of transmission, prevention and control measures.
28. Obstructive lung disease II
Pathology
- Discuss the pathogenesis, pathological features, and possible complications of: asthma, chronic bronchitis, bronchiectasis, and emphysema.
- Classify emphysema according to morphologic and etiologic patterns.
29. Restrictive lung disease I
Pathology
- Define restrictive lung disease.
- Be familiar with the principles, cause and mechanisms in acute restrictive lung disease identifying acute respiratory distress syndrome in adults and newborn.
- Discuss the pathology of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.
- List the commoner cause of pulmonary fibrosis with emphasis on the pathology of sarcoidosis.
30. Treatment of tuberculosis
Pharmacology
- Understand the concepts of TB treatment with special emphasis on the two phases of therapy; intensive versus continuation phases.
- Understand the concept of combination therapy in the treatment of TB, particularly the advantages and disadvantages.
- Describe the mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics, uses, and side effects of first-line anti-TB drugs: isoniazid, rifampin, ethambutol, and pyrazinamide.
- Understand the therapeutic use of second-line anti-TB drugs.
31. Restrictive lung disease II
Pathology
- Be familiar with causes and pathology of pneumoconiosis.
- Identify causes and pathology of asbestosis and mesothelioma.
- List the pulmonary hemorrhage syndromes which may lead to pulmonary fibrosis.
32. Emerging respiratory tract infections
Medicine
- Recognize cases of emerging upper respiratory tract infections.
- Understand the genetic background of emerging upper respiratory tract infections.
- Be familiarized with the historical aspects of emerging respiratory tract infections.
33. Surgical procedures for respiratory tract
Medicine
- Describe the clinical anatomy of respiratory tract.
- Describe the surgical procedures used commonly.
34. Viral infections
Microbiology
- Describe viral classification and characteristics properties.
- Describe growth, multiplication, and pathogenesis.
- Describe clinical presentation and differential diagnosis.
- Describe laboratory diagnosis including specimen collection.
- Describe management including specific therapeutic agents.
- Describe epidemiology including modes of transmission, prevention and control measures.
35. Pre- and post-natal development of the respiratory system
Anatomy
- Describe the development of nasal cavity.
- Describe development of the larynx.
- Describe the development of lungs and bronchi.
- Describe the development of the diaphragm.
36. Lung tumors I
Pathology
- Describe the etiology of lung cancer.
- Distinguish between small cell carcinoma and non-small cell carcinoma, and know the clinical and pathologic findings of the various types, together with their prognosis.
- Be familiar with bronchial carcinoid.
- Describe paraneoplastic syndromes associated with lung cancer.
- List other tumors in the lung and know the commonest metastatic tumor.
37. Lung tumors II
Pathology
- List the diagnostic techniques used for respiratory disease.
- Be familiar with pleural effusions, pneumothorax and pleural tumors.
- Identify nasal polyp, nasal papilloma and carcinoma.
- Understand the etiology and pathology of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
- Describe laryngeal polyp, papilloma and carcinoma.
38. Epidemiology of acute upper respiratory tract infections and antibiotic use
Community Medicine
- Be oriented about the epidemiology of the common acute upper respiratory tract infections including distribution, risk factors, incidence, and prognosis.
- Be introduced to the false beliefs related to acute upper respiratory infections.
- Discuss the common use of antibiotics in acute upper respiratory infections.
- Present the main findings of a clinical trial conducted at JUST about the effectiveness of antibiotics in acute upper respiratory tract infections.
39. Radiology
Medicine
- Be introduced to the anatomical radiology of the respiratory system: ENT and pulmonary.
- Understand the radio-pathological correlation in respiratory diseases.
- Describe the radiological patterns of common respiratory illnesses.
- Describe the various radiological modalities in respiratory diseases, when and where.
40. Diagnostics
Microbiology
- Diagnostic tests for RS.
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