MED 202 — الوراثة
السنة 2 · 22 محاضرة · 3 ساعة معتمدة
العناوين والأهداف منقولة من خطة كلية الطب الرسمية.
1. Purine metabolism
Molecular Genetics
- Recognise and contrast the structures of the purines.
- Contrast the salvage and de novo pathways of purine synthesis.
- Understand the steps of purine synthesis, including the enzymes and their regulation.
- Understand the steps of purine degradation.
- Recognise how dysregulation of purine metabolism contributes to disease.
2. Pyrimidine metabolism
Molecular Genetics
- Recognise and contrast the structures of the pyrimidines.
- Understand the steps of pyrimidine synthesis, including the enzymes and their regulation.
- Understand the steps of pyrimidine degradation.
3. Structure of nucleic acids I
Molecular Genetics
- Understand the structure of nucleotides and how they are organised into nucleic acids.
- Understand the experiments that led to the discovery of the structure of DNA.
- Understand the structure of the DNA double helix.
4. Structure of nucleic acids II
Molecular Genetics
- Understand the differences in chromatin structure between prokaryotes and eukaryotes, including the role of nucleosomes.
- Differentiate DNA from RNA structure.
- Differentiate the structures of rRNA, mRNA, tRNA and miRNA.
5. DNA replication I
Molecular Genetics
- Understand the central dogma and the differences between replication, transcription and translation.
- Understand the importance of DNA replication in cell division.
- Differentiate the conservative, semiconservative and dispersive models of replication.
- Understand the experiments that established semiconservative replication.
6. DNA replication II
Molecular Genetics
- Understand the mechanism of DNA replication and the roles of its key proteins and enzymes.
- Differentiate replication in prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
- Understand the function of telomerase.
7. Mutations, DNA repair and recombination I
Molecular Genetics
- Understand the definition of mutation.
- Compare the different types of mutations.
8. Mutations, DNA repair and recombination II
Molecular Genetics
- Compare the DNA repair pathways: mismatch repair, base excision repair and nucleotide excision repair.
- Describe recombination and how it happens.
9. Transcription in prokaryotes
Molecular Genetics
- Understand transcription in prokaryotes and the roles of its key proteins and enzymes.
- Write the sequence of an RNA molecule from a DNA template.
10. Transcription in eukaryotes
Molecular Genetics
- Understand transcription in eukaryotes and the roles of its key proteins and enzymes.
- Compare transcription in prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
11. RNA processing
Molecular Genetics
- Understand the importance of RNA processing in establishing genetic diversity in eukaryotes.
- Understand the mechanism and function of 5' capping, RNA editing, polyadenylation and splicing.
12. Regulation of gene expression in prokaryotes
Molecular Genetics
- Understand the structure and regulation of the lac operon.
- Understand the structure and regulation of the tryptophan operon and its attenuation model.
13. Regulation of transcription in eukaryotes
Molecular Genetics
- Understand the role of histone acetylation in regulating transcription.
- Understand the structure of eukaryotic promoters and enhancers.
- Study nuclear receptors as an example of eukaryotic transcriptional regulation.
14. Translation in prokaryotes
Molecular Genetics
- Understand protein synthesis in prokaryotes and the roles of its key proteins and enzymes.
- Appreciate the effects of antibiotics on prokaryotic protein synthesis.
15. Translation in eukaryotes
Molecular Genetics
- Understand protein synthesis in eukaryotes and the roles of its key proteins and enzymes.
- Compare protein synthesis in prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
16. Protein processing and targeting
Molecular Genetics
- List the types of post-translational modification.
- Understand the endomembrane system and the sorting of cellular proteins.
- Understand the role of ubiquitination in protein degradation.
17. Recombinant DNA techniques
Molecular Genetics
- Understand molecular cloning, gel electrophoresis, Southern, northern and western blotting.
- Understand PCR, cDNA synthesis and Sanger sequencing.
18. Cell signalling and signal transduction
Molecular Genetics
- Compare endocrine, paracrine and autocrine signalling.
- Differentiate cell-surface and nuclear receptors and compare the types of cell-surface receptors.
- Understand the GPCR, RAF–MEK–ERK, JAK–STAT, TGF-beta–SMAD and PI3K–AKT pathways.
19. The molecular biology of cancer
Molecular Genetics
- Understand the normal cell division cycle.
- Understand apoptosis and differentiate its intrinsic and extrinsic pathways.
- Differentiate oncogenes from tumour suppressor genes.
- Study the properties of cancer cells.
20. Inheritance
Molecular Genetics
- Understand the Mendelian rules of inheritance.
- Understand autosomal dominant and recessive, sex-linked dominant and recessive, codominant and incompletely dominant inheritance, and X-inactivation.
21. Epigenetics and chromosomal karyotyping
Molecular Genetics
- Understand how gene expression is silenced or activated by DNA methylation, histone modification and histone variants.
- Understand how karyotyping is performed and its applications in diagnosis.
22. Chromosomal anomalies
Molecular Genetics
- Understand the cause and features of Down, Edwards, Patau, Klinefelter, triple X and Turner syndromes.
- Understand the cause and features of Angelman and Prader–Willi syndromes.