MED 251 — علم الأدوية العام
السنة 2 · 23 محاضرة · 3 ساعة معتمدة
العناوين والأهداف منقولة من خطة كلية الطب الرسمية.
1. General Pharmacology I (pharmacokinetics)
Pharmacology
- Define pharmacology and its branches: pharmacognosy, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, pharmacotherapeutics and toxicology.
- Introduce the principles of pharmacokinetic parameters: absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination.
2. General Pharmacology II (pharmacokinetics)
Pharmacology
- Describe the physicochemical and physiological factors that influence drug absorption by enteral and parenteral routes, distribution, metabolism and elimination.
- Explain how dose, bioavailability, rate of absorption, apparent volume of distribution, total clearance and elimination half-life affect plasma drug concentration.
3. General Pharmacology III (drug–receptor interactions and pharmacodynamics)
Pharmacology
- Understand what is meant by pharmacodynamics.
- Describe what is meant by a cell receptor and the concept of receptor occupancy, with examples of receptors.
- Outline how drugs affect the body and the dose–response relationship.
- Define affinity, potency, efficacy and therapeutic index.
- Differentiate a drug that is an agonist from one that is an antagonist.
- Use basic arithmetic to calculate simple drug dosages.
4. Antimicrobial Agents I (principles of antimicrobial therapy)
Pharmacology
- Know the principles of antimicrobial therapy.
- Know the classification of antimicrobial agents.
- Define narrow and broad spectrum, superinfection, bacteriostatic, bactericidal, empiric therapy and prophylactic therapy.
- Know the advantages and disadvantages of antibiotic combinations.
5. Antimicrobial Agents II (cell wall synthesis inhibitors 1)
Pharmacology
- Know the mechanisms of action, indications, adverse effects, contraindications, cautions and relative safety in pregnancy and children of antibacterial agents.
- List the beta-lactam and non-beta-lactam drugs.
6. Antimicrobial Agents III (cell wall synthesis inhibitors 2)
Pharmacology
- Know the mechanism of action of penicillins and cephalosporins, their clinical uses, adverse effects and contraindications.
7. Antimicrobial Agents IV (protein synthesis inhibitors)
Pharmacology
- List the drugs that inhibit protein synthesis, their actions, clinical uses, contraindications and adverse effects.
8. Antimicrobial Agents V (nucleic acid synthesis inhibitors)
Pharmacology
- List the drugs that inhibit bacterial DNA synthesis, their actions, clinical uses, contraindications and adverse effects.
9. Antimicrobial Agents VI (folic acid antagonists and new antimicrobial drugs)
Pharmacology
- Know the main mechanism of action of folic acid antagonists, their clinical use, contraindications and adverse effects.
- Introduction to new antimicrobial drugs.
10. Antifungal agents
Pharmacology
- Understand the relationship between fungal structure and the mechanisms of action of antifungal drugs.
- Outline the indications, adverse effects and contraindications of ketoconazole, fluconazole and nystatin.
11. Antiprotozoal and anthelmintic agents
Pharmacology
- Understand the major therapeutic options for malaria, their mechanisms, indications and adverse effects.
- Understand combination therapy in the treatment of malaria.
- List the major therapeutic options for the worms commonly encountered in Jordan.
- Understand the major mechanisms of action of anthelmintic drugs.
12. Antiviral agents
Pharmacology
- Relate the viral life cycle to the mechanisms of action of antiviral drugs.
- Outline the indications, adverse effects and contraindications of amantadine, oseltamivir and acyclovir.
13. Introduction to CNS pharmacology
Pharmacology
- Revise the action potential and its importance in neuronal signalling.
- Discuss the neurotransmitters of the brain and their functions.
- Describe the life cycle of acetylcholine and norepinephrine.
- Describe the types of drug mechanism at each step of neurotransmission, with drug class examples.
- Differentiate agonists, antagonists, inverse agonists and biased agonists.
14. Pharmacology of the autonomic nervous system I
Pharmacology
- Identify the similarities and differences between autonomic cholinergic and adrenergic pathways: receptor subtypes, neurotransmitters, transmitter synthesis, storage and release, and the relative specificity of drugs acting on each.
15. Pharmacology of the autonomic nervous system II
Pharmacology
- List the major systems and organs innervated by the cholinergic and adrenergic systems.
- Describe the organ system effects of cholinergic and adrenergic stimulation and antagonism.
16. Pharmacology of the autonomic nervous system III
Pharmacology
- Relate the tissue expression of cholinergic and adrenergic receptors to their specific functions.
17. Introduction to CVS pharmacology
Pharmacology
- Understand the major physiological mechanisms regulating cardiac and vascular function.
- Understand chronotropy, dromotropy, inotropy and lusitropy.
- Understand the role of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system in blood pressure regulation.
- Describe the major pharmacological strategies for hypertension and ischaemic heart disease.
18. Management of drug poisoning
Pharmacology
- Understand the concept of drug poisoning.
- Give examples of common toxidromes.
- Understand the term antidote.
- Outline the major strategies in the emergency treatment of common drug poisonings.
19. Drug interactions, drug evaluation and clinical trials
Pharmacology
- Understand drug–drug interactions and their pharmacological basis.
- List common drug interactions in clinical practice.
- Outline strategies to prevent and reverse drug interactions.
- Describe the process of drug discovery from the laboratory to the market.
- Outline the major strategies in the evaluation of new drugs.
- Understand clinical trials: their phases, requirements and regulation.
20. Autacoids
Pharmacology
- Understand the concept of autacoids and their functions in the body.
- Know the properties and effects of histamine.
- Know the histamine receptors and their locations.
- Identify the types of histamine antagonists, their clinical uses and adverse effects.
21. NSAIDs
Pharmacology
- Understand prostanoid biosynthesis and list the therapeutic uses of prostaglandins.
- Understand the mechanism of action, chemical classes, therapeutic uses and side effects of NSAIDs.
- Compare the classes of NSAIDs and recognise the therapeutic differences of aspirin and acetaminophen.
22. Principles of antineoplastic agents I
Pharmacology
- Discuss the principles of conventional cytotoxic cancer chemotherapy.
- Understand the pharmacology of conventional cytotoxic anticancer drugs.
- Understand the side effects and limitations of conventional cytotoxic drugs.
23. Principles of antineoplastic agents II
Pharmacology
- Review the molecular basis of tumour EGFR signalling and angiogenesis as pharmacological targets.
- Discuss molecular targeted anticancer drugs, including monoclonal antibodies and tyrosine kinase inhibitors, and the rationale for their use.