MED 352 — الجهاز البولي والتناسلي
السنة 3 · 48 محاضرة · 8 ساعة معتمدة
العناوين والأهداف منقولة من خطة كلية الطب الرسمية.
1. Introductory case presentation for URS
Multidisciplinary
- Understand the general outline of the module.
- Be familiar with the teaching modalities.
- Be familiar with the grading system and passing requirements.
- Understand the current status of urogenital diseases in Jordan.
2. Gross morphology of the kidney
Anatomy
- Describe the outer morphology and location of each kidney.
- Recognize the fascial layers covering the kidney and their clinical relevance.
- Understand the organ relations of each kidney and their surgical importance.
- Recognize the internal structure of the kidney and differentiate its parts.
- Understand the blood supply to each part of the kidney.
3. Histology of the kidney
Anatomy
- Understand cortex and medulla and the microscopic structures in each.
- Differentiate the structural and functional units of the kidney.
- Understand the histology of the nephron and its components.
- Understand the renal corpuscle and the layers of its filtration barrier; identify proximal tubule cells.
- Recognize the loop of Henle and its cells.
- Identify distal tubule cells.
- Understand the juxtaglomerular apparatus, its cell types, and its role in blood pressure regulation.
- Recognize the parts of the collecting tubules.
- Recognize the histology of the ureter and urinary bladder.
4. Glomerular filtration and renal blood flow
Physiology
- Review the functions of the nephron.
- Understand renal blood flow and glomerular filtration.
- Understand the glomerular membrane and filtration dynamics.
- List the factors affecting GFR.
- Understand autoregulation and tubuloglomerular feedback.
- Understand the juxtaglomerular apparatus and the renin-angiotensin system.
- Understand glomerulotubular balance.
- Understand the mechanisms regulating renal blood flow.
5. Development of the urinary system
Anatomy
- Understand the three developmental stages of the kidneys and their changes in position and blood supply.
- Describe the development of the nephron and collecting system.
- Describe the development of the urinary passages.
- Understand the congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary passages.
6. Regulation of tubular reabsorption
Physiology
- Discuss the renal tubular transport maximum.
- Define filtered load and excretion.
- Understand the glucose and PAH titration curves.
- Understand renal clearance and its applications.
- Describe inulin, creatinine, and PAH clearance.
7. Gross anatomy of the ureter, urinary bladder, and urethra
Anatomy
- Recognize the relations of the ureter along its abdominopelvic route.
- Identify the constriction sites of the ureter and their clinical relevance.
- Describe the external anatomy and location of the bladder.
- Recognize the internal structure of the bladder.
8. Anatomy of the pelvic wall
Anatomy
- Recognize the anatomical and clinical terms of the pelvis.
- Describe the pelvic girdle, true and false pelvis, greater and lesser pelvis, and pelvic brim.
- Describe the pelvic inlet and outlet.
- Differentiate male and female pelvis and the types of pelvis.
- Identify the components of the pelvic wall (bone, muscle, fascia).
- Understand the pelvic girdle and its surface landmarks.
- Describe the pelvic diaphragm.
9. Congenital and cystic diseases of the kidney
Pathology
- Define the main congenital diseases of the kidney.
- Understand the types, pathogenesis, morphology, and presentation of cystic kidney diseases.
10. Reabsorption and secretion
Physiology
- Understand transport and the pathways of reabsorption.
- Discuss the reabsorption of water and electrolytes.
- Discuss the reabsorption of glucose, urea, creatinine, and protein.
11. Glomerulonephritis
Pathology
- Discuss the pathogenesis of glomerulonephritis.
- Recognize the basic reactions of the glomerulus to injury.
- List the renal syndromes associated with renal pathology.
12. Pelvic cavity I (male organs)
Anatomy
- Describe the peritoneal folds on the male pelvic viscera.
- Describe the male genital organs.
- Describe their relations, blood supply, innervation, and lymph drainage.
13. Nephritic and nephrotic syndromes
Pathology
- Discuss the manifestations and mechanisms of nephritic syndrome.
- List the types of glomerulonephritis associated with nephritic syndrome.
- Discuss the etiology, pathogenesis, morphology, and clinical features of the common nephritic glomerulonephritides.
- List the components of nephrotic syndrome.
- Discuss the pathogenesis of nephrotic syndrome.
- List the main causes of nephrotic syndrome.
- Discuss the common nephrotic glomerulonephritides.
14. Pelvic cavity II (female organs)
Anatomy
- Understand the peritoneal folds on the female pelvic viscera.
- Recognize the anatomy of the female reproductive organs.
- Identify their relations, blood supply, innervation, and lymph drainage.
15. Glomerular pathology in systemic diseases
Pathology
- Discuss the glomerular lesions of diabetes mellitus, SLE, Henoch-Schönlein purpura, multiple myeloma, gout, and endocarditis.
16. The perineum
Anatomy
- Identify the perineum and its boundaries.
- Identify the urogenital triangle.
- Identify the anal triangle including the anal canal, levator ani, and anal sphincters.
- Understand the components of the ischioanal fossa.
17. Renal concentration and dilution of urine
Physiology
- Understand the mechanisms of dilution and concentration: countercurrent multipliers and exchangers.
- Discuss the role of urea.
18. Tubulointerstitial nephritis and urinary tract infection
Pathology
- Define the features and general morphology of tubulointerstitial nephritis.
- Define drug-induced tubulointerstitial nephritis: pathogenesis, morphology, clinical features.
- Define acute and chronic pyelonephritis.
- Define obstructive uropathy and the common sites of ureteric obstruction.
- Discuss the pathogenesis, clinical features, and types of urinary stones.
- Discuss the predisposing factors, causes, and pathology of cystitis.
19. Diseases of blood vessels; renal failure
Pathology
- Define the causes, pathogenesis, pathology, and presentation of renal vascular diseases.
- Contrast acute and chronic renal failure: pathogenesis, causes, morphology, clinical course.
20. Urinary tract infection
Microbiology
- Understand the role of E. coli, other gram-negative bacteria, and gram-positive organisms in UTI, their laboratory diagnosis, and antibiotic susceptibility.
21. Renal tumors; pathology of the ureter and urinary bladder
Pathology
- Discuss angiomyolipoma and oncocytoma (benign renal neoplasms).
- Discuss the risk factors, morphology, and clinical features of renal cell carcinoma.
- List the main features of urothelial carcinoma of the renal pelvis.
- Discuss nephroblastoma: risk factors, morphology, clinical features.
- Describe bladder cancer: epidemiology, types, grading, staging, prognosis.
22. Schistosomiasis
Microbiology
- Describe Schistosoma haematobium: pathogenesis, immune response, epidemiology, life cycle, clinical manifestations.
- Describe laboratory diagnosis, treatment, prevention, and control.
23. Diuretic agents
Pharmacology
- List the major diuretic classes and relate them to their sites and mechanisms of action.
- Overview the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of thiazides, loop diuretics, and potassium-sparing diuretics.
- Understand their major clinical applications.
24. Introduction to the reproductive part of the module
Multidisciplinary
- Understand the general outline of the genital-system part.
- Be familiar with the teaching modalities.
- Acknowledge the relation between normal and abnormal structure and function.
- Appreciate the importance of basic sciences in clinical practice.
25. Diseases of the penis, scrotum, and testis
Pathology
- Identify condyloma acuminatum, giant condyloma, Bowen's disease, bowenoid papulosis, and erythroplasia of Queyrat.
- Identify the etiology, pathology, and complications of cryptorchidism.
- Classify testicular tumors with emphasis on the tumor markers of seminoma, embryonal carcinoma, teratoma, yolk sac tumor, and choriocarcinoma.
26. Gonorrhoea
Microbiology
- Understand Neisseria gonorrhoeae as the commonest cause of sexually transmitted disease.
- Describe its laboratory diagnosis, pathogenesis, antibiotic susceptibility, and epidemiology.
27. Role of the kidney in acid-base balance
Biochemistry
- Understand the kidney's role in acid-base balance.
- Quantify renal acid-base excretion.
- Understand the kidney's correction of acidosis and alkalosis.
- Understand the factors regulating tubular hydrogen ion secretion.
- Differentiate respiratory and metabolic acid-base disorders.
28. Histology of the male reproductive system
Anatomy
- Understand the histology of the testis, epididymis, vas deferens, seminal vesicles, prostate, ejaculatory duct, and urethra.
29. Male reproductive physiology
Physiology
- Discuss the endocrine regulation of male reproduction.
- Understand the functions of the male reproductive organs and glands.
- Discuss spermatogenesis.
- Discuss male reproductive dysfunction.
30. Androgens and androgen antagonists
Pharmacology
- Classify androgens and androgen antagonists and understand their mechanisms of action.
- Discuss the therapeutic uses of androgens and their abuse potential.
- Understand the clinical applications of anti-androgens.
31. Diseases of the prostate
Pathology
- Identify acute, chronic, and chronic non-bacterial prostatitis.
- Discuss the incidence, hormonal effects, and pathology of nodular hyperplasia.
- Recognize the incidence, hormonal effects, pathology, spread, staging, and tumor markers of prostatic carcinoma.
32. Histology of the female reproductive system
Anatomy
- Understand the histology of the ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, and vagina.
33. Diseases of the vulva and vagina
Pathology
- Recognize lichen sclerosus, squamous hyperplasia, vulvar dystrophy, leukoplakia, extramammary Paget's disease, condyloma acuminatum, condyloma lata, and VIN I-III.
- Describe squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva and vagina and its sites of metastasis.
34. HIV and AIDS
Microbiology
- Describe the virus, its life cycle, and the pathogenesis and immunopathology of AIDS with its epidemiology.
- Describe the laboratory measures for screening, confirmation, and treatment follow-up.
- Highlight treatment regimens and preventive measures.
35. Female reproductive physiology
Physiology
- List the hormones of female reproduction and their functions.
- List the functions of the female reproductive system.
- Describe the pituitary-ovary axis and the ovarian changes across the ovarian cycle.
36. Diseases of the uterus and cervix
Pathology
- Distinguish endometriosis, adenomyosis, and endosalpingiosis.
- Distinguish the types of endometrial hyperplasia.
- Understand leiomyoma and leiomyosarcoma of the uterus.
- Identify the age incidence, predisposing factors, hormonal influence, pathology, and metastatic sites of endometrial carcinoma.
- Describe cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and its association with HPV.
- Discuss squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix.
37. Herpes, cytomegalovirus, human papillomavirus, and molluscum contagiosum
Microbiology
- Describe the structure, replication cycle, serotypes, and epidemiology of each virus.
- Describe their pathogenesis and role in cervical cancer.
- Describe cell culture and serology, and the role of antivirals.
38. Physiology of pregnancy
Physiology
- Describe fertilization, transport, and implantation of the ovum.
- Describe the function of the placenta.
- Describe the maternal response to pregnancy.
- Describe the fetal circulation.
39. Gestational diseases
Pathology
- Describe complete and partial hydatidiform mole, invasive mole, and gestational choriocarcinoma.
40. Development of the male and female genital system
Anatomy
- Describe the development of the gonads, genital ducts, and external genitalia.
- Describe the descent of the testes and ovaries.
- Understand the congenital anomalies of the genital system.
41. Diseases of the ovaries and fallopian tubes
Pathology
- Classify ovarian tumors: serous, mucinous, endometrioid, epithelial, and germ cell tumors.
- Describe the age incidence, predisposing factors, pathology, and metastatic sites of epithelial and germ cell tumors.
42. Parturition and lactation
Physiology
- Discuss the factors initiating parturition.
- Discuss the hormonal requirements for mammary development and lactation.
- Describe the composition of milk.
43. Diseases of the breast
Pathology
- Understand the diagnostic approach to palpable and non-palpable breast lesions.
- Describe non-neoplastic disorders and benign tumors: mastitis, fat necrosis, fibrocystic change, fibroadenoma, phyllodes tumor, intraduct papilloma.
- List breast cancer risk factors.
44. Candidiasis, trichomoniasis, and ectoparasites
Microbiology
- Describe Candida albicans, its pathogenesis, and the immune system's relation to fungal infection.
- Describe the clinical presentation and the vaginal discharge.
- Describe laboratory diagnosis and treatment.
- Describe Trichomonas vaginalis and other sexually transmitted ectoparasites.
- Describe their clinical presentation and treatment.
45. Drugs acting on the uterus
Pharmacology
- Understand the molecular regulators of uterine smooth muscle and relate them to drug mechanisms.
- Describe uterine stimulants and relaxants, their uses and adverse effects.
46. Community awareness
Public Health
- Describe methods to promote community awareness of menses, menstrual changes, and fertility.
47. Genito-urinary tract infections
Public Health
- Identify the risk factors for genito-urinary infections and disease.
48. Female sex steroids and contraceptive agents
Pharmacology
- Describe the nature, mechanisms, and adverse effects of female sex steroids and contraceptive agents.
- Indicate their therapeutic applications.